Stellar Evolution     Stars form from enormous clouds of hydrogen atoms, pulled together by the force of gravity.  As the cloud collapses, gravitational potential…

by The Straits Times The tutors are stars    Forget social media influencers and music chart-toppers. Follow stellar tutors to clinch A grades on your…

Introduction to the Universe (IB Option E1)   209 Seconds video showing cosmic scales:      Powers of Ten video zooming out from earth to edge of…

Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity     Radioactivity is spontaneous and random.  The probability that an atom will decay remains constant for the entire life of…

Atomic Physics   Rutherford Experiment (aka Geiger-Marsden)       My summary   Rutherford shot alpha particles at a thin film of gold foil Most…

Thermal Energy Transfer / Greenhouse Effect    Some Background   IB calls this topic Thermal Energy Transfer, but really it’s about the greenhouse effect and…